A U.S. Air Force F-22 Raptor, top, escorts a Russian Air Force Tu-95 bomber off the coast of Alaska during 2011. 
British Royal Air Force jets intercepted this Russian Tu-95 Bear bomber in October. 
Fighter jets from the Netherlands intercepted two Russian bombers in Dutch airspace in April. 
A Russian Air Force flight demonstration team perform with their Su-27 jet fighters over St. Petersburg, Russia. An Su-27 "showed its belly" to a U.S. reconnaissance jet in April. 
A U.S. Air Force RC-135U aircraft, like the one pictured here, was buzzed by a Russian fighter jet near Japan earlier this year. 
An American RC-135 Rivet, like the one seen here, was forced to enter Swedish air space earlier this year after a Russian radar system locked onto it. 
Russian Air Force Tu-95 bombers fly over Moscow's Red Square on May 7. 
An F-15 Eagle from the 19th Fighter Squadron takes off at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska. F-15 fighters intercepted Russian bombers off California in June. 
A U.S. Air Force B-52, left, and a B-2 stealth bomber fly in formation over Shreveport, Louisiana. The United States deployed both types of aircraft to Britain in June. 
The Spirit of Ohio, a B-2 bomber, takes off from Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri. Two B-2s were deployed to England in June. 
A B-52 lands at an airbase in England on June 4. The B-52 was one of three to arrive. - That's a 50% increase in Russian air activity over last year, secretary general says
- Russian planes are not following air traffic control norms, Jens Stoltenberg says
- "This pattern is risky and unjustified," he says
- Stoltenberg, who's on a trip to the Baltics, says NATO isn't idle as Russian activity increases
(CNN) -- NATO has scrambled fighter jets more than 400 times this year to intercept Russian military flights close to alliance members' airspace in Europe, the alliance's secretary general said this week.
That's a 50% increase in Russian air activity over last year and the kind of activity that harkens back to the days of the Cold War, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said during a visit to NATO member Estonia on Thursday.
"This pattern is risky and unjustified. So NATO remains vigilant. We are here. And we are ready to defend all allies against any threat," he said at Amari Airbase in Estonia, where U.S., German and Estonian troops were gathered.
Stoltenberg said few of the Russian flights had actually violated the airspace of NATO nations, but he said the way the Russian planes operate threatens civilian aviation in the region.
Unusual Russian flights concern NATO 
Lithuanian Foreign Minister talks Russia 
NATO: Russian troops, tanks near Ukraine "They are not filing their air flight plans. They are not turning on the transponders. And they are not communicating with the civilian air traffic control," he said.
"We are calling on Russia to conduct their military air activities in a responsible way and respecting international norms for this kind of air activity," Stoltenberg said.
In a report earlier this month, the European Leadership Network listed more than 40 "close military encounters between Russia and the West" that took place in the eight months from March to October of this year.
Three of those, including a near collision between a Russian military plane and a Swedish passenger aircraft carrying 132 people, were classified as "high-risk" incidents that could have led to direct military confrontation between Russia and the West, according to the report, titled "Dangerous Brinksmanship."
Russia also has said it will expand its military flights, with Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu saying this month that Russian military aircraft would be flying along U.S. coasts and even into the Gulf of Mexico.
"We have to maintain (Russia's) military presence in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific, as well as the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico," including sending bombers "as part of the drills," Shoigu said.
Stoltenberg, continuing his Baltic trip in NATO ally Lithuania on Friday, said the alliance is not standing idle as Russian activity increases.
Visiting the Karmelava Airspace Control Center, he said NATO's air policing mission in the region "has been significantly strengthened in the recent months."
"And we have also deployed more ships in the Baltic Sea. And since the start of this year, NATO allies have conducted over 200 exercises," Stoltenberg said
CNN's Richard Allen Greene, Greg Botelho and Faith Karimi contributed to this report.
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