- Health care providers share stories of misinformation that patients believed
- Wrong information can come from a variety of sources
- Patients should discuss anything they're unsure about with their doctors
(CNN) -- Common knowledge when it comes to all things health and medicine might not be so common after all.
Inspired by a topic on Reddit, CNN reached out to health care providers, seeking stories of patients armed with surprising medical misinformation.
The responses ranged from amusing to concerning. We picked a few in hopes that you can learn from their mistakes. Here's what doctors thought they didn't have to tell patients:
Don't stare directly at the sun
"Once I had a 15-year-old patient tell me she couldn't see. ... She had stared at the sun for five minutes straight and burned a hole in the center of both retinas, resulting in a blind spot in the middle of her vision for the rest of her life."
Dr. Cindy Wang of the California Optometric Association thinks this is the only patient she's ever had who didn't know not to look directly at the sun. But Wang has seen other ocular problems arise from sun exposure. Eye diseases, such as macular degeneration and cataracts, can develop due to frequent sun exposure.
"Always wear sunglasses when you're outside," Wang said. "I tell all my patients and still get some that are surprised to hear that."
Sunglasses are the best way to prevent ocular damage by UV rays; for those who don't wear sunglasses, contact lenses or eyeglasses with UV coating provide protection.
'Pulling out' is not a form of protection
"During group session I had one particular patient say, 'You know during intercourse if a guy withdraws before ejaculation, then you cannot contract HIV."
Some of the misinformation about HIV/AIDS can be attributed to fear, said Tasha Kornegay, a sexual health counselor. Many patients are afraid to speak with their doctors about HIV and instead believe the associated myths.
"When discussing and educating people about HIV, we tend to present general information instead of scientific information," Kornegay said. "People may know to wear condoms, but they don't necessarily know why."
HIV can be found in all sexual fluids, including pre-ejaculatory fluid, which is why it's important to always practice safe sex. In order to prevent further transmission, people need to get tested and start dialogues about sexual health.
"Talking can be lifesaving," Kornegay said.
Overdosing on fiber won't cure constipation
"I had a patient come in because of severe constipation, unable to move her bowels for at least a week. She said that the more time that passed without a bowel movement, the more she increased her fiber intake. This 'overdosing' of fiber actually created her constipation issue."
This misunderstanding is common in Dr. Neville Bamji's practice at New York Gastroenterology Associates.
"Many people think fiber cures constipation," he said. "It can help with minor constipation, but it isn't meant to be a cure."
Fiber draws water into the intestine and increases stool bulk, but it isn't digestible. The accumulation of too much fiber in the digestive system can lead to side effects such as gas, bloating and abdominal discomfort. Bamji said that it's an old wives' tale that fiber is the way to fix constipation.
If a person is constipated, he or she should try an over-the-counter laxative, which is a little stronger than fiber and made to relieve constipation.
Dietary fiber: Essential for a healthy diet
Don't delay lifesaving medical treatment
"I had a professional basketball player who I called with his biopsy of a melanoma, and he told me he was too busy to come for the surgery. Imagine having to explain to someone that they wouldn't be busy for long -- they would just be dead."
Dr. Debra Jaliman, assistant professor of dermatology
Many people don't believe it's possible to die from a mole, said Dr. Debra Jaliman, assistant professor of dermatology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. But melanoma can quickly spread to major organs.
"Early detection is lifesaving," Jaliman said. "It can be a cure, or it can mean death, should a person choose to ignore their diagnosis."
Surgical removal offers a complete cure to 95% of patients.
To prevent skin cancer, it's important to use sun protection even on cloudy days and to see a dermatologist for annual skin checks.
Some melanoma patients don't protect skin
Wet hair doesn't cause colds
"One patient I saw recently came in complaining of a cough and sore throat. She said she was totally to blame for catching a cold since she'd left the gym with wet hair."
Leah Rothman, an osteopathic physician who practices family medicine in San Francisco, says this isn't the first patient who's presented her with this theory.
There's absolutely no connection between wet hair and getting sick. The myth stems from an Old English saying about "catching your death of cold," she said. When the phrase was coined, people would avoid bad weather by staying indoors and it was the close proximity to other people that would lead to fatal illnesses, such as pneumonia.
"It's likely the playroom where she dropped off her child or the shared gym equipment she used," Rothman said. "Both those places are good sources for germs."
The best defense for avoiding illness is practicing good hand hygiene and wiping down any shared equipment.
Exercise alone isn't enough to lose weight
"The patient tells me he or she has been on the elliptical each day for 45 minutes, and that the machine says 700 calories have been burned. They get on the scale, and find there's been no weight loss."
It's a common myth that exercise alone will help a person lose weight, said Brad Saks, a clinical psychologist who serves as science adviser for Retrofit, a data-based weight-loss program. People tend to overestimate the number of calories they burn and how hard they worked out.
Even if you're on the stair stepper, "machines highly overestimate the amount of calories burned," Saks said. "The maximum calories burned in an hour is 200 to 250, tops."
Saks says that when people exercise more, they tend to eat more.
"They'll make up the deficit quickly," he said.
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